Project setup.

report/main.tex

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+% !TeX program = pdflatex
+\documentclass{mathreport} % Uses our custom mathreport.cls
+
+% Load bibliography
+\addbibresource{references.bib}
+\usepackage{lipsum} % Just for the demo text
+
+% --- Document Metadata ---
+\title{\normalfont\scshape\Large The Geometry of Complex Systems}
+\author{\normalfont\itshape A. N. Other}
+\date{\small\today}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\maketitle
+
+\begin{abstract}
+    \noindent \small \textbf{\textit{Abstract.}} \lipsum[1][1-4]
+\end{abstract}
+
+\section{Introduction}
+This document uses a custom class file (\texttt{mathreport.cls}). This keeps the main file clean. The typography is set to Bringhurst's standards: wide margins, Palatino font, and old-style figures (e.g., 12345).
+
+\section{Mathematical Theory}
+We define our primary operator in the Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$.
+
+\begin{definition}[Compact Operator]
+    An operator $T: X \to Y$ is compact if $\overline{T(B_X)}$ is compact in $Y$.
+\end{definition}
+
+\begin{theorem}[Spectral Theorem]
+    There exists an orthonormal basis of eigenvectors.
+\end{theorem}
+
+Consider the harmonic series shown in \cref{eq:harmonic}. The styling is handled entirely by the external class file.
+\begin{equation} \label{eq:harmonic}
+    H_n = \sum_{k=1}^n \frac{1}{k} \approx \ln n + \gamma
+\end{equation}
+
+\section{Results and Discussion}
+\lipsum[2-4]
+
+\printbibliography
+
+\end{document}

report/mathreport.cls

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+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
+\ProvidesClass{mathreport}[2023/10/27 Custom Typographic Math Report Class]
+
+% Pass unknown options to the base article class
+\DeclareOption*{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{article}}
+\ProcessOptions\relax
+\LoadClass[11pt, letterpaper]{article}
+
+% =========================================================
+%  1. TYPOGRAPHY & FONTS (The Foundation)
+% =========================================================
+\RequirePackage[utf8]{inputenc}
+\RequirePackage[T1]{fontenc}
+
+% Palatino (Text and Math) with Old Style Figures
+\RequirePackage[osf,sc]{mathpazo} 
+\RequirePackage{tgpagella} 
+
+% Open up the leading (line spacing) for readability
+\linespread{1.15}
+
+% Microtype: The secret sauce for perfect justification
+\RequirePackage[activate={true,nocompatibility},final,tracking=true,kerning=true,spacing=true]{microtype}
+\SetTracking{encoding={*}, shape=sc}{40} % Spacing for Small Caps
+
+% =========================================================
+%  2. PAGE GEOMETRY (The Measure)
+% =========================================================
+% We enforce wide margins to keep line length ~66 characters
+\RequirePackage[top=1.5in, bottom=1.5in, left=1.8in, right=1.8in]{geometry}
+
+% =========================================================
+%  3. MATHEMATICS
+% =========================================================
+\RequirePackage{amsmath, amssymb, amsthm, mathtools, bm}
+
+% Custom Theorem Style: Italic body, Small Caps header
+\newtheoremstyle{eleganttheorem}
+  {12pt}{12pt}{\itshape}{}{\scshape}{.}{0.5em}{}
+
+\theoremstyle{eleganttheorem}
+\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[section]
+\newtheorem{lemma}[theorem]{Lemma}
+\newtheorem{corollary}[theorem]{Corollary}
+
+\theoremstyle{definition}
+\newtheorem{definition}{Definition}[section]
+
+% =========================================================
+%  4. SECTION HEADINGS
+% =========================================================
+\RequirePackage{titlesec}
+
+% Section: Centered, Large, Small Caps
+\titleformat{\section}[block]{\large\scshape\centering}{\thesection.}{1em}{}
+\titlespacing*{\section}{0pt}{2em}{1.5em}
+
+% Subsection: Left aligned, Italic
+\titleformat{\subsection}[block]{\normalsize\itshape}{\thesubsection}{1em}{}
+\titlespacing*{\subsection}{0pt}{1.5em}{0.5em}
+
+% =========================================================
+%  5. UTILITIES
+% =========================================================
+\RequirePackage{booktabs} % Good tables
+\RequirePackage{caption}  % Caption styling
+\captionsetup{font={small,it}, labelfont={sc}, labelsep=period}
+\RequirePackage[dvipsnames]{xcolor}
+
+% Hyperlinks
+\RequirePackage{hyperref}
+\hypersetup{
+    colorlinks=true,
+    linkcolor=Maroon,
+    citecolor=Maroon,
+    urlcolor=MidnightBlue
+}
+\RequirePackage{cleveref}
+
+% Bibliography
+\RequirePackage[style=authoryear, backend=biber]{biblatex}

report/references.bib

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+@book{bringhurst2004,
+  author    = {Robert Bringhurst},
+  title     = {The Elements of Typographic Style},
+  year      = {2004},
+  publisher = {Hartley \& Marks},
+  address   = {Vancouver}
+}