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<!--Converted with LaTeX2HTML 2002-2-1 (1.71)
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original version by: Nikos Drakos, CBLU, University of Leeds
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* revised and updated by: Marcus Hennecke, Ross Moore, Herb Swan
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* with significant contributions from:
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Jens Lippmann, Marek Rouchal, Martin Wilck and others -->
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<HTML>
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<TITLE>Sorting utilities</TITLE>
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<BR>
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<B> Next:</B> <A NAME="tex2html1039"
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HREF="node70.html">Parallel environment routines</A>
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<B> Up:</B> <A NAME="tex2html1035"
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HREF="node42.html">Data management routines</A>
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<B> Previous:</B> <A NAME="tex2html1031"
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HREF="node68.html">psb_sizeof Memory</A>
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<B> <A NAME="tex2html1037"
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HREF="node1.html">Contents</A></B>
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<BR>
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<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
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<H2><A NAME="SECTION000727000000000000000">
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Sorting utilities</A>
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</H2>
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<P>
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<FONT SIZE="+1"><B>psb_msort -- Sorting by the Merge-sort algorithm</B></FONT>
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<FONT SIZE="+1"><B>psb_qsort -- Sorting by the Quicksort algorithm</B></FONT>
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<FONT SIZE="+1"><B>psb_hsort -- Sorting by the Heapsort algorithm</B></FONT>
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<PRE>
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call psb_msort(x,ix,dir,flag)
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call psb_qsort(x,ix,dir,flag)
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call psb_hsort(x,ix,dir,flag)
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</PRE>
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<P>
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These serial routines sort a sequence <IMG
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WIDTH="18" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img106.png"
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ALT="$X$"> into ascending or
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descending order. The argument meaning is identical for the three
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calls; the only difference is the algorithm used to accomplish the
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task (see Usage Notes below).
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<DL>
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<DT><STRONG>Type:</STRONG></DT>
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<DD>Asynchronous.
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</DD>
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<DT><STRONG><B>On Entry </B></STRONG></DT>
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<DD>
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</DD>
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<DT><STRONG>x</STRONG></DT>
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<DD>The sequence to be sorted.
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<BR>
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Type:<B>required</B>.
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<BR>
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Specified as: an integer, real or complex array of rank 1.
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</DD>
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<DT><STRONG>ix</STRONG></DT>
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<DD>A vector of indices.
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<BR>
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Type:<B>optional</B>.
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<BR>
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Specified as: an integer array of (at least) the same size as <IMG
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WIDTH="18" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img106.png"
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ALT="$X$">.
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</DD>
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<DT><STRONG>dir</STRONG></DT>
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<DD>The desired ordering.
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<BR>
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Type:<B>optional</B>.
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<BR>
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Specified as: an integer value: <code>psb_sort_up_</code>,
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<code>psb_sort_down_</code>, <code>psb_asort_up_</code>, <code>psb_asort_down_</code>;
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default <code>psb_sort_up_</code>.
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</DD>
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<DT><STRONG>flag</STRONG></DT>
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<DD>Whether to keep the original values in <IMG
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WIDTH="27" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img107.png"
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ALT="$IX$">.
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<BR>
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Type:<B>optional</B>.
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<BR>
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Specified as: an integer value <code>psb_sort_ovw_idx_</code> or
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<code>psb_sort_keep_idx_</code>; default <code>psb_sort_ovw_idx_</code>.
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<P>
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</DD>
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</DL>
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<P>
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<DL>
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<DT><STRONG><B>On Return</B></STRONG></DT>
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<DD>
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</DD>
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<DT><STRONG>x</STRONG></DT>
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<DD>The sequence of values, in the chosen ordering.
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<BR>
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Type:<B>required</B>.
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<BR>
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Specified as: an integer, real or complex array of rank 1.
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</DD>
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<DT><STRONG>ix</STRONG></DT>
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<DD>A vector of indices.
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<BR>
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Type: <B>Optional</B>
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<BR>
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An integer array of rank 1, whose entries are moved to the same
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position as the corresponding entries in <IMG
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WIDTH="13" HEIGHT="13" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img24.png"
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ALT="$x$">.
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</DD>
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</DL>
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<P>
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<P>
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<FONT SIZE="+1"><B>Notes</B></FONT>
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<OL>
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<LI>The sorting can be performed in the up/down direction, on the
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natural or absolute values; for complex data the sorting can only
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be done on the absolute values;
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</LI>
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<LI>The routines return the items in the chosen ordering; the
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output difference is the handling of ties (i.e. items with an
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equal value) in the original input. With the merge-sort algorithm
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ties are preserved in the same relative order as they had in the
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original sequence, while this is not guaranteed for quicksort or
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heapsort;
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</LI>
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<LI>If <!-- MATH
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$flag = psb\_sort\_ovw\_idx\_$
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-->
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<IMG
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WIDTH="180" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img108.png"
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ALT="$flag = psb\_sort\_ovw\_idx\_$"> then the entries in <IMG
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WIDTH="62" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img109.png"
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ALT="$ix(1:n)$">
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where <IMG
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WIDTH="14" HEIGHT="13" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img13.png"
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ALT="$n$"> is the size of <IMG
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WIDTH="13" HEIGHT="13" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img24.png"
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ALT="$x$"> are initialized to <!-- MATH
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$ix(i) \leftarrow
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i$
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-->
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<IMG
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WIDTH="66" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img110.png"
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ALT="$ix(i) \leftarrow
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i$">; thus, upon return from the subroutine, for each
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index <IMG
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WIDTH="10" HEIGHT="17" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img3.png"
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ALT="$i$"> we have in <IMG
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WIDTH="37" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img111.png"
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ALT="$ix(i)$"> the position that the item <IMG
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WIDTH="31" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img112.png"
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ALT="$x(i)$">
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occupied in the original data sequence;
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</LI>
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<LI>If <!-- MATH
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$flag = psb\_sort\_keep\_idx\_$
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-->
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<IMG
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WIDTH="185" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img113.png"
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ALT="$flag = psb\_sort\_keep\_idx\_$"> the routine will assume that
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the entries in <IMG
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WIDTH="35" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img114.png"
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ALT="$ix(:)$"> have already been initialized by the user;
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</LI>
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<LI>The three sorting algorithms have a similar <IMG
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WIDTH="74" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img115.png"
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ALT="$O(n \log n)$"> expected
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running time; in the average case quicksort will be the
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fastest and merge-sort the slowest. However note that:
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<OL>
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<LI>The worst case running time for quicksort is <IMG
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WIDTH="45" HEIGHT="34" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img116.png"
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ALT="$O(n^2)$">; the algorithm
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implemented here follows the well-known median-of-three heuristics,
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but the worst case may still apply;
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</LI>
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<LI>The worst case running time for merge-sort and heap-sort is
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<IMG
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WIDTH="74" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img115.png"
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ALT="$O(n \log n)$"> as the average case;
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</LI>
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<LI>The merge-sort algorithm is implemented to take advantage of
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subsequences that may be already in the desired ordering prior to
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the subroutine call; this situation is relatively common when
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dealing with groups of indices of sparse matrix entries, thus
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merge-sort is often the preferred choice when a sorting is needed
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by other routines in the library.
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</LI>
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</OL>
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</LI>
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</OL>
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<P>
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<P>
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<HR>
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