posti-dm/server/auth/auth.go

// This package provides a utility for managing session cookies.
//
// The main struct is "AuthService" that provides a pluggable system for login and logout of users, creating and storing their session tokens and middlewares for accepting only logged users or ones with some specified permissions.
package auth

import (
	"errors"
	"net/http"
	"time"
)

var (
	ErrNoUserForSession = errors.New(`no user for session token`)
)

type User[IdType any] interface {
	UID() IdType
}

// Authenticator should be used by clients to provide authentication functions and mapping of session tokens to users
type Authenticator[UserID any, U User[UserID]] interface {
	// CheckUserPassword is called to login a user and create a corresponding session, see also "SessionTokenFromUser"
	CheckUserPassword(user UserID, password string) error

	// GetUserPermissions gets the list of permissions for this user
	UserPermissions(user UserID) ([]string, error)

	// SessionTokenFromUser returns a (new) session token that represents this user
	SessionTokenFromUser(user UserID) (string, error)
	// UserFromSessionToken returns the corresponding user for this session token or "service.ErrNoUserForSession"
	UserFromSessionToken(session string) (*U, error)

	// AuthenticationFailed handles failed authentications
	AuthenticationFailed(error) http.Handler
	// OtherError handles other errors
	OtherError(error) http.Handler
}

// MiddlewareConfig configures the middleware to only accept logged users (if "RequireLogged" is true) and with certain permissions (user must have all permissions inside "NeedPermissions")
type MiddlewareConfig struct {
	// RequireLogged rejects not logged users if true
	RequireLogged bool

	// NeedPermissions is the list of permissions the user should have to pass the middleware
	NeedPermissions []string
}

// AuthSessionService given an Authenticator provides functions to login and logout users and an http.Handler middleware that accept users based on permissions and login status
type AuthSessionService[UserID any, U User[UserID]] struct {
	SessionCookieName     string
	SessionCookiePath     string
	SessionCookieDuration time.Duration

	Authenticator Authenticator[UserID, U]
}

// NewAuthSessionService creates a new "*AuthSessionService" with a default session cookie name and path
func NewAuthSessionService[UserID any, U User[UserID]](auth Authenticator[UserID, U]) *AuthSessionService[UserID, U] {
	oneWeek := 7 * 24 * time.Hour

	return &AuthSessionService[UserID, U]{
		"session",
		"/",
		oneWeek,
		auth,
	}
}

// Login tries to login a user given its id and password
func (service *AuthSessionService[UserID, U]) Login(w http.ResponseWriter, userID UserID, password string) error {
	if err := service.Authenticator.CheckUserPassword(userID, password); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	token, err := service.Authenticator.SessionTokenFromUser(userID)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	http.SetCookie(w, &http.Cookie{
		Name:    service.SessionCookieName,
		Path:    service.SessionCookiePath,
		Value:   token,
		Expires: time.Now().Add(service.SessionCookieDuration),
	})

	return nil
}

// Logout clears the session cookie from a request effectively logging out the user for future requests
func (service *AuthSessionService[UserID, U]) Logout(w http.ResponseWriter) {
	http.SetCookie(w, &http.Cookie{
		Name:    service.SessionCookieName,
		Path:    service.SessionCookiePath,
		Value:   "",
		Expires: time.Now(),
	})
}

// Middleware returns an http middleware that accepts users based on login status and permissions
func (service *AuthSessionService[UserID, U]) Middleware(config *MiddlewareConfig) func(http.Handler) http.Handler {
	return func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
		return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
			cookie, err := r.Cookie(service.SessionCookieName)
			if err == http.ErrNoCookie {
				if !config.RequireLogged { // Login not required
					next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
					return
				}

				service.Authenticator.AuthenticationFailed(err).ServeHTTP(w, r)
				return
			}
			if err != nil {
				service.Authenticator.OtherError(err).ServeHTTP(w, r)
				return
			}

			user, err := service.Authenticator.UserFromSessionToken(cookie.Value)
			if err == ErrNoUserForSession {
				service.Logout(w)
				w.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnauthorized)
				return
			}
			if err != nil {
				service.Authenticator.OtherError(err).ServeHTTP(w, r)
				return
			}

			if config.RequireLogged {
				userPerms, err := service.Authenticator.UserPermissions((*user).UID())
				if err != nil {
					service.Authenticator.OtherError(err).ServeHTTP(w, r)
					return
				}

				userPermsMap := map[string]bool{}
				for _, perm := range userPerms {
					userPermsMap[perm] = true
				}

				// check the user has all the permissions to access the route
				hasAll := true
				for _, perm := range config.NeedPermissions {
					if _, present := userPermsMap[perm]; !present {
						hasAll = false
						break
					}
				}

				if !hasAll {
					service.Authenticator.AuthenticationFailed(err).ServeHTTP(w, r)
					return
				}
			}

			// Refresh session cookie expiration
			http.SetCookie(w, &http.Cookie{
				Name:    service.SessionCookieName,
				Path:    "/",
				Value:   cookie.Value,
				Expires: time.Now().Add(7 * 24 * time.Hour),
			})

			next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
		})
	}
}

// LoggedMiddleware is a shortcut for
//
//	Middleware(*AuthMiddlewareConfig)
//
// that only accepts logged in users, no special permissions are checked
func (service *AuthSessionService[UserID, U]) LoggedMiddleware() func(http.Handler) http.Handler {
	return service.Middleware(&MiddlewareConfig{
		RequireLogged:   true,
		NeedPermissions: []string{},
	})
}

// RequestUser retrieves the "userID" from the given request based on the cookie session token.
func (service *AuthSessionService[UserID, U]) RequestUser(r *http.Request) (*U, error) {
	cookie, err := r.Cookie(service.SessionCookieName)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	user, err := service.Authenticator.UserFromSessionToken(cookie.Value)
	if err == ErrNoUserForSession {
		return nil, err
	}

	return user, nil
}