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<!--l. 420--><div class="crosslinks"><p class="noindent"><span
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class="cmr-12">] </span></p></div>
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<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark"><span
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class="cmr-12">4.2 </span></span> <a
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id="x16-150004.2"></a><span
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class="cmr-12">GPU example</span></h4>
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<!--l. 422--><p class="noindent" ><span
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class="cmr-12">The code discussed here shows how to set up a program exploiting the combined GPU</span>
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<span
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class="cmr-12">capabilities of PSBLAS and AMG4PSBLAS. The code example is available in the</span>
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<span
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class="cmr-12">source distribution directory </span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
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class="cmtt-12">amg4psblas/examples/gpu</span></span></span><span
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class="cmr-12">.</span>
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<!--l. 427--><p class="indent" > <span
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class="cmr-12">First of all, we need to include the appropriate modules and declare some auxiliary</span>
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<span
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class="cmr-12">variables:</span>
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<!--l. 429--><p class="indent" > <a
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id="x16-15001r5"></a><hr class="float"><div class="float"
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>
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<div class="center"
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>
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<!--l. 448--><p class="noindent" >
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<div class="minipage"><pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-10">
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program amg_dexample_gpu
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  use psb_base_mod
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  use amg_prec_mod
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  use psb_krylov_mod
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  use psb_util_mod
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  use psb_gpu_mod
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  use data_input
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  use amg_d_pde_mod
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  implicit none
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  .......
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  ! GPU variables
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  type(psb_d_hlg_sparse_mat) :: agmold
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  type(psb_d_vect_gpu)       :: vgmold
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  type(psb_i_vect_gpu)       :: igmold
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</pre>
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<!--l. 467--><p class="nopar" ></div></div>
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<br /> <div class="caption"
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><span class="id">Listing 5: </span><span
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class="content">setup of a GPU-enabled test program part one.</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x16-15001r5 -->
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</div><hr class="endfloat" />
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<!--l. 474--><p class="indent" > <span
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class="cmr-12">In this particular example we are choosing to employ a </span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
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class="cmtt-12">HLG</span></span></span> <span
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class="cmr-12">data structure for</span>
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<span
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class="cmr-12">sparse matrices on GPUs; for more information please refer to the PSBLAS-EXT users’</span>
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<span
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class="cmr-12">guide.</span>
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<!--l. 478--><p class="indent" > <span
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class="cmr-12">We then have to initialize the GPU environment, and pass the appropriate MOLD</span>
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<span
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class="cmr-12">variables to the build methods (see also the PSBLAS and PSBLAS-EXT users’</span>
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<span
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class="cmr-12">guides).</span>
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<!--l. 481--><p class="indent" > <a
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id="x16-15002r6"></a><hr class="float"><div class="float"
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>
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<div class="center"
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>
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<!--l. 497--><p class="noindent" >
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<div class="minipage"><pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-11">
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  call psb_init(ctxt)
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  call psb_info(ctxt,iam,np)
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  !
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  ! BEWARE: if you have NGPUS  per node, the default is to
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  ! attach to mod(IAM,NGPUS)
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  !
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  call psb_gpu_init(ictxt)
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  ......
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  t1 = psb_wtime()
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  call prec%smoothers_build(a,desc_a,info, amold=agmold, vmold=vgmold, imold=igmold)
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</pre>
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<!--l. 512--><p class="nopar" ></div></div>
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<br /> <div class="caption"
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><span class="id">Listing 6: </span><span
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class="content">setup of a GPU-enabled test program part two.</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x16-15002r6 -->
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</div><hr class="endfloat" />
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<!--l. 519--><p class="indent" > <span
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class="cmr-12">Finally, we convert the input matrix, the descriptor and the vectors to use a</span>
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<span
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class="cmr-12">GPU-enabled internal storage format. We then preallocate the preconditioner</span>
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<span
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class="cmr-12">workspace before entering the Krylov method. At the end of the code, we close the</span>
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<span
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class="cmr-12">GPU environment</span>
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<!--l. 523--><p class="indent" > <a
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id="x16-15003r7"></a><hr class="float"><div class="float"
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>
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<div class="center"
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>
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<!--l. 552--><p class="noindent" >
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<div class="minipage"><pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-12">
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  call desc_a%cnv(mold=igmold)
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  call a%cscnv(info,mold=agmold)
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  call psb_geasb(x,desc_a,info,mold=vgmold)
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  call psb_geasb(b,desc_a,info,mold=vgmold)
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  !
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  ! iterative method parameters
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  !
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  call psb_barrier(ctxt)
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  call prec%allocate_wrk(info)
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  t1 = psb_wtime()
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  call psb_krylov(s_choice%kmethd,a,prec,b,x,s_choice%eps,&
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       & desc_a,info,itmax=s_choice%itmax,iter=iter,err=err,itrace=s_choice%itrace,&
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       & istop=s_choice%istopc,irst=s_choice%irst)
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  call prec%deallocate_wrk(info)
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  call psb_barrier(ctxt)
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  tslv = psb_wtime() - t1
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  ......
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  call psb_gpu_exit()
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  call psb_exit(ctxt)
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  stop
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</pre>
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<!--l. 579--><p class="nopar" ></div></div>
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<br /> <div class="caption"
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><span class="id">Listing 7: </span><span
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class="content">setup of a GPU-enabled test program part three.</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x16-15003r7 -->
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</div><hr class="endfloat" />
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<!--l. 587--><p class="indent" > <span
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class="cmr-12">It is very important to employ solvers that are suited to the GPU, i.e. solvers that</span>
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<span
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class="cmr-12">do NOT employ triangular system solve kernels. Solvers that satisfy this constraint</span>
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<span
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class="cmr-12">include:</span>
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<ul class="itemize1">
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<li class="itemize"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
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class="cmtt-12">JACOBI</span></span></span>
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</li>
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<li class="itemize"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
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class="cmtt-12">INVK</span></span></span>
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</li>
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<li class="itemize"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
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class="cmtt-12">INVT</span></span></span>
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</li>
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<li class="itemize"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
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class="cmtt-12">AINV</span></span></span></li></ul>
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<!--l. 596--><p class="noindent" ><span
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class="cmr-12">and their </span><span
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class="cmmi-12">ℓ</span><sub><span
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class="cmr-8">1</span></sub> <span
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class="cmr-12">variants.</span>
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<!--l. 1--><div class="crosslinks"><p class="noindent"><span
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